Reference soil Syrian Arab Republic 02: Calcisol

SY002

Calcisols occur in regions with distinct dry seasons, as well as in dry areas where carbonate-rich groundwater comes near the surface.

Characteristics

Soils having a (petro-)calcic horizon (horizon with accumulation of secondary calcium carbonates). In addition, they have no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric or cambic horizon, a calcareous argic horizon, or a gypsic horizon beneath a petrocalcic horizon.

Distribution of Calcisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil SY002: Calcisols

Classification

WRB 1998

Yermi-Hyposodic- Calcisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Haplic Calcisol

Calcic Yermosol

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Haplocalcid
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Calciorthid aridic fine-loamy mixed (calcareous) thermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	2	-	-	-	-	-	7.5	-	-	83.1	9.4
15-25	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	84.3	8.1
30-35	2	-	-	-	-	-	9.4	-	-	66.3	24.3
60-70	0	-	-	-	-	-	7.6	-	-	54.3	38.1
100-110	0	-	-	-	-	-	7	-	-	51.9	41.1
120-130	0	-	-	-	-	-	6.9	-	-	46.2	46.9
150-170	0	-	-	-	-	-	27.3	-	-	-	-

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	-	9.4
15-25	-	-	-	-	8.1
30-35	-	-	-	-	24.3
60-70	-	-	-	-	38.1
100-110	-	-	-	-	41.1
120-130	-	-	-	-	46.9

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	8.4	-	-	19.4	1.09	0.13	8	-	-	18.4	2.7	2.2	0.2	23.5
15-25	8.4	-	-	22.1	-	-	-	-	-	16.2	3.2	2.1	0.2	21.7
30-35	8.6	-	-	26.5	-	-	-	-	-	13.1	4.3	0.8	0.5	18.7
60-70	8.9	-	-	28.9	-	-	-	-	-	14.0	5.5	0.4	2.2	22.1
100-110	8.8	-	-	25.9	-	-	-	-	-	19.9	5.3	0.2	1.7	27.1
120-130	8.7	-	-	24.5	-	-	-	-	-	13.5	5.9	0.3	1.8	21.5
150-170	8.1	-	-	23.1	-	-	-	-	-	12.7	4.1	0.2	0.7	17.7

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
15-25	-	-	-	-	-	-	1
30-35	-	-	-	-	-	-	3
60-70	-	-	-	-	-	-	10
100-110	-	-	-	-	-	-	6
120-130	-	-	-	-	-	-	8
150-170	-	-	-	-	-	-	4

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
100-110	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
120-130	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
150-170	8.9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Soluble sands

Depth (cm)	Ca mmol(c)/kg	Mg mmol(c)/kg	K mmol(c)/kg	Na mmol(c)/kg	sum cations mmol(c)/kg	CO3 mmol(c)/kg	HCO3 mmol(c)/kg	Cl mmol(c)/kg	NO3 mmol(c)/kg	SO4 mmol(c)/kg	sum anions mmol(c)/kg
0-10	1.11	0.23	0.09	0.13	1.56	0	0.83	0.25	0.01	0.29	1.38
15-25	1.14	0.28	0.09	0.17	1.68	0	0.53	0.25	0	0.75	1.53
30-35	0.53	0.04	0.01	0.49	1.07	0	0.73	0	0	0.22	0.95
60-70	0.43	0	0	1.91	2.34	0	0.75	0.6	0.19	0.6	2.14
100-110	0.76	0.11	0.01	3.33	4.21	0	0.6	1.22	0.58	1.75	4.15
120-130	1.09	0.34	0.01	3.88	5.32	0	0.54	1.59	0.49	1.81	4.43
150-170	10.3	2.95	0.01	4.55	17.81	0	0.22	5.34	0.56	10.5	16.62

Depth (cm)	Sodium ads. ratio	pH e	EC e dS/m	EC 1 : 5 dS/m
0-10	-	-	-	0.26
15-25	-	-	-	0.28
30-35	-	-	-	0.2
60-70	-	-	-	0.45
100-110	-	-	4.19	0.78
120-130	-	-	4.6	1.01
150-170	-	-	6.87	2.99

Profile description

Ap 0-10 cm	light brown (7.5YR 6/4, dry)silt,crumb and platy,soft,few roots,strongly calcareous 10% HCl 9.4,gradual smooth boundary to,
10-28 cm	light brown (7.5YR 6/4, dry)silt,crumb,slightly hard,few calcareous concretions,strongly calcareous 10% HCl 8.4,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bkc1 28-56 cm	brown (7.5YR 5/4, dry)silt loam,angular and subangular blocky,hard,frequent calcareous concretions,strongly calcareous 10% HCl 8.6,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bkc2 56-80 cm	reddish brown (5YR 4/4, dry)silty clay loam,angular blocky,hard,very frequent calcareous concretions,strongly calcareous 10% HCl 8.9,gradual smooth boundary to,
80-115 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, dry)silty clay,angular blocky,hard,very frequent calcareous concretions,strongly calcareous 10% HCl 8.8,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian loess
Remarks on Parent Materials	aeolian origin not confirmed
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Major crops	wheat
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	non-irrigated cultivation

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Dry From - To	0-115cm

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Reference soil Syrian Arab Republic 02: Calcisol

Characteristics

Reference soil SY002: Calcisols

Classification